Tuesday 9 September 2014

Ice bucket pranksters ID'd





  • Police are not yet releasing the names of those involved

  • Someone dumped urine and feces from a rooftop onto an autistic teen's head

  • Mother: He didn't know what the contents were until afterward

  • Cleveland native Drew Carey first offered $10,000 to find those responsible




(CNN) -- Police have identified those involved in an incident in which the ice bucket challenge trend was used to trick an autistic teenager into being drenched with a bucket of urine, feces and spit.


Authorities are not yet releasing the names, and are not discussing potential charges as the investigation is not yet complete, said Bay Village, Ohio, Police Chief Mark Spaetzel.


"We are conducting a comprehensive investigation," Spaetzel told CNN Tuesday.


Three celebrities have offered a reward to find those responsible.


Jenny McCarthy and Donnie Wahlberg joined Drew Carey on Sunday in offering $10,000 each.




If the Bay Village PD wants to start a reward fund to find who did this, contact me. I'll donate $10k. http://t.co/ugqeLbu5ob


— Drew Carey (@DrewFromTV) September 6, 2014 >


Bay Village is a suburb of Cleveland, Carey's hometown and the city where "The Drew Carey Show" was based.


A video of the prank shows the teen standing outside a garage door in his underwear when someone from the rooftop dumps a bucket of murky brown fluid over his head.


The 15-year-old boy's mother told CNN affiliate WJW-TV in Cleveland that the video was discovered on her son's cell phone.


"He was embarrassed because he did not know what the contents were until afterwards, and then he didn't want anybody to know," the mother told the station. "They used his phone to tape it, and they put it up on Instagram."




Drew Carey offered to donate $10,000 as a reward to find who was responsible for a prank on an autistic teenager.

Drew Carey offered to donate $10,000 as a reward to find who was responsible for a prank on an autistic teenager.



The stunt appears to be a spoof of the ALS ice bucket challenge in which participants get a bucket of ice water dumped over their heads. The campaign raises awareness and donations for research on Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. According to the ALS Association, the Ice Bucket Challenge has raised more than $110 million.


The Bay Village police said it has been interviewing witnesses and trying to identify those involved.


"Preliminary information suggests this occurred prior to the start of the school year at a home in Bay Village," the department said.


"We understand the collective community anger. It is the hope of our community that this anger will be channeled into a positive action and supporting organizations such as Autism Speaks."


The Bay Village Schools superintendent said the school district is "heartsick over the cruel actions taken against one of our students."


"Many of our students and staff members have been participating in fundraising for ALS through the Ice Bucket Challenge," Superintendent Clint Keener wrote. "It hurts us deeply to see such a wonderful effort twisted to deliberately cause someone pain."



Cher ordered to bed to fight virus


Cher launched her current tour in March. More than 30 U.S. shows are set for the tour's second leg in the next two months.


Cher launched her current tour in March. More than 30 U.S. shows are set for the tour's second leg in the next two months.






  • Doctors ordered Cher to bed rest for an acute viral infection

  • Cher's next shows in Albany, New York, and Manchester, New Hampshire, are delayed

  • She is expected to return to the stage in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on Monday




(CNN) -- A virus is forcing Cher to postpone the opening of the second leg of her "Dressed to Kill" tour this week.


"Cher was diagnosed over the weekend with what doctors termed an 'acute viral infection' and has been required to be on full bed rest for several days," according to an announcement on the ticket sales website.


Cher's show Thursday in Albany, New York, and Saturday in Manchester, New Hampshire, have been rescheduled for October 6 and 7, respectively, the site said.


She is expected to return to the stage in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on Monday night.


Cher, 68, launched her current tour in March, selling out all 49 shows in the first leg ending in July, according to Billboard magazine. Those shows grossed nearly $55 million from 610,000 fans.


Another 30 shows across the United States are on the calendar over the next two months.


The singer's representatives did not immediately respond to CNN requests for comment on Cher's illness.


The next leg of her shows should really live up to the "Dressed to Kill" billing as she adds new costumes designed by Bob Mackie.


Cher doesn't really think Sonny is burning in hell



12 states reporting virus clusters





  • Enterovirus clusters seen in 12 states around the Midwest, Southeast

  • Six states have confirmed EV-D68 cases

  • Missouri doctor calls situation "unprecedented" in terms of kids in intensive care

  • Enterovirus D68 causes respiratory illnesses like a cold, only worse




(CNN) -- Respiratory illnesses caused by an enterovirus are sending hundreds of children to hospitals throughout the Midwest and Southeast, health officials say.


Twelve states are reporting clusters of enterovirus illness: Alabama, Colorado, Michigan, Georgia, Ohio, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Kentucky and Utah.


Six of those states -- Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri and Iowa -- have confirmed cases of Enterovirus D68, also known as EV-D68.


Enteroviruses, which can cause a variety of symptoms, aren't unusual. If you've ever had a bad summer cold, it was likely caused by an enterovirus. The CDC estimates there are 10 to 15 million viral infections each year in the United States. The season often hits its peak in September.





Respiratory virus infecting kids




Respiratory illness hits children




'Unprecedented' virus striking kids








As millions of children head back to school this month, teachers and parents are dreading the "Back-to-School Plague." Schools are full of hot zones for germs, Dr. Harly Rotbart says. Here are his top eight. As millions of children head back to school this month, teachers and parents are dreading the "Back-to-School Plague." Schools are full of hot zones for germs, Dr. Harly Rotbart says. Here are his top eight.



Let's start with the bathroom, which most people assume is a germ haven. Not so, Rotbart says, as most school bathrooms are cleaned regularly. The bathroom door is another story: Not all kids wash their hands like they should, so exiting could be hazardous to your health. Let's start with the bathroom, which most people assume is a germ haven. Not so, Rotbart says, as most school bathrooms are cleaned regularly. The bathroom door is another story: Not all kids wash their hands like they should, so exiting could be hazardous to your health.



Cafeteria trays rarely get wiped off between meals, Rotbart says. With food and a variety of kids touching them, they can be hosts to some serious germs. Rotbart tells kids to use hand sanitizer after they bring their trays to the table. Cafeteria trays rarely get wiped off between meals, Rotbart says. With food and a variety of kids touching them, they can be hosts to some serious germs. Rotbart tells kids to use hand sanitizer after they bring their trays to the table.



Also dangerous? Sack lunches, which "typically spoil before lunchtime," Rotbart says. Pack food that needs to be refrigerated in an insulated lunch box with frozen blue ice packs, and freeze any juice boxes. Doing so will lower the chance of food-borne illnesses. Also dangerous? Sack lunches, which "typically spoil before lunchtime," Rotbart says. Pack food that needs to be refrigerated in an insulated lunch box with frozen blue ice packs, and freeze any juice boxes. Doing so will lower the chance of food-borne illnesses.



Students spend most of the day at their desks. That means any sneezes, coughs or ... nasal leakage ends up all over. Students then touch their desktops and take those germs home to Mom. Students spend most of the day at their desks. That means any sneezes, coughs or ... nasal leakage ends up all over. Students then touch their desktops and take those germs home to Mom.



Most art classes have kids share supplies like paintbrushes, markers and scissors. Students often touch these and then touch their faces or pass them to other kids. Plus, cleaning art supplies is not a top priority for teachers, Rotbart says. Most art classes have kids share supplies like paintbrushes, markers and scissors. Students often touch these and then touch their faces or pass them to other kids. Plus, cleaning art supplies is not a top priority for teachers, Rotbart says.



Your kids might be passing germs along with those winning touchdowns. Worst of all, Rotbart says, is that football and other sports helmets are a good way to spread lice. Your kids might be passing germs along with those winning touchdowns. Worst of all, Rotbart says, is that football and other sports helmets are a good way to spread lice.



Germs like to play Ring Around the Rosie on the playground. Any microorganisms on kids' hands get spread to the monkey bars, the slide, the teeter totter, etc. where other children can pick them up. Germs like to play Ring Around the Rosie on the playground. Any microorganisms on kids' hands get spread to the monkey bars, the slide, the teeter totter, etc. where other children can pick them up.



If Rotbart had to pick the No. 1 germiest place in schools, it would be the drinking fountain. Kids put their mouths right on the spout, which is disinfected even less than the bathroom door. It helps to teach your children to keep their mouths off the metal and to let the water run for a second before drinking. If Rotbart had to pick the No. 1 germiest place in schools, it would be the drinking fountain. Kids put their mouths right on the spout, which is disinfected even less than the bathroom door. It helps to teach your children to keep their mouths off the metal and to let the water run for a second before drinking.




Top 8 germiest places in school



Top 8 germiest places in schoolTop 8 germiest places in school



"It's important to remember that these infections are very common," said Dr. Anne Schuchat, assistant surgeon general for the U.S. Public Health Service and the director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.


But this particular type of enterovirus -- EV-D68 -- is less common. And health officials are concerned by the number of hospitalizations it has caused this year.


"It's worse in terms of scope of critically ill children who require intensive care. I would call it unprecedented. I've practiced for 30 years in pediatrics, and I've never seen anything quite like this," said Dr. Mary Anne Jackson, division director for infectious diseases at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri.


Staff members noticed an initial spike on August 15, Jackson said.


"It could have taken off right after school started. Our students start back around August 17, and I think it blew up at that point," Jackson said.


Many of the children who are being hospitalized have a history of asthma or wheezing, says Dr. Christine Nyquist, medical director of infection control at Children's Hospital Colorado. EV-D68 seems to exacerbate any breathing problems that aren't under control with medication.


Survive the September asthma epidemic


Children's Hospital Colorado has seen a 12% to 15% increase in emergency room visits and admissions this month compared with the same time frame last year, Nyquist said. The hospital sent 25 samples to the CDC from patients with respiratory illness. Around 75% were confirmed to be EV-D68.


On Monday, the CDC confirmed that 11 samples it tested from children who had been hospitalized in Chicago tested positive for EV-D68. Nineteen of the 22 specimens sent to the CDC from Kansas City also showed signs of the virus, meaning there is likely a regional outbreak.


The Iowa Department of Public Health confirmed that EV-D68 cases have been identified in that state. Officials are hearing of illnesses across the state, they say, though there is not a firm count of how many people have been infected.


EV-D68 was first identified in the 1960s, and there have been fewer than 100 reported cases since that time. But it's possible that the relatively low number is due to the fact that the CDC doesn't require health departments to track EV-D68.


"It's one that we don't know as much about as we would like," Schuchat said.


EV-D68 was seen last year in the United States and this year in various parts of the world. Over the years, clusters have been reported in Georgia, Pennsylvania, Arizona and various countries, including the Philippines, Japan and the Netherlands. Health officials don't know why the enterovirus has created such a problem this year.


"That's the scary part -- the unpredictability, I think," Nyquist said.


The unusually high number of hospitalizations reported could be "just the tip of the iceberg in terms of severe cases," said Mark Pallansch, a virologist and director of the CDC's Division of Viral Diseases. As states continue to send samples to the CDC, the public health agency will get a clearer picture of the number of viral infections being caused.


In the meantime, parents should be on the lookout for signs that their child is having difficulty breathing. Other common symptoms of the virus include coughing, fever and rash.


"It's important to make sure your children with asthma are on their medicines and keeping up with their medication routine," Schuchat said.


Like other enteroviruses, EV-D68 appears to spread through close contact with infected people.


To reduce the risk of infection, wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after changing diapers. Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands, and avoid contact with people who are sick. Disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as toys and doorknobs, and stay home when you feeling under the weather to avoid infecting others.


What parents should know about EV-D68


CNN's Jen Christensen, Elizabeth Cohen, Deanna Hackney, Michael Martinez, John Newsome, Matthew Stucker and Leslie Wade contributed to this report.



Cruising the South Pacific's lost isles






Music and dancing greets visitors at Puka Puka Atoll. The island was the first land Magellan spotted on his trans-Pacific passage. On the three-week journey, you can follow the likes of Captain Cook through the remote islands of the South Pacific. Music and dancing greets visitors at Puka Puka Atoll. The island was the first land Magellan spotted on his trans-Pacific passage. On the three-week journey, you can follow the likes of Captain Cook through the remote islands of the South Pacific.


The residents of Puka Rua Atoll entertain cruise guests with drumming, a spear-throwing contest and a demonstration of barehanded octopus fishing.

The residents of Puka Rua Atoll entertain cruise guests with drumming, a spear-throwing contest and a demonstration of barehanded octopus fishing.


Coconut palms cover the beaches of Puka Rua Atoll. You can rub your eyes as many times as you want, this place is real.

Coconut palms cover the beaches of Puka Rua Atoll. You can rub your eyes as many times as you want, this place is real.

Visits to the French Polynesian island of Hiva Oa usually include a tribal dance in grass skirts.Visits to the French Polynesian island of Hiva Oa usually include a tribal dance in grass skirts.

The grave of French post-Impressionist artist Paul Gauguin rests at Calvary Cemetery on the island of Hiva Oa.The grave of French post-Impressionist artist Paul Gauguin rests at Calvary Cemetery on the island of Hiva Oa.

Off the shores of the Ducie Island, three rusty anchors are all that remain of the mail ship "Acadia," which ran aground in 1881. Sea life thrives around the wreck -- Moorish idols, butterflies, turquoise parrots and white tip reef sharks.Off the shores of the Ducie Island, three rusty anchors are all that remain of the mail ship "Acadia," which ran aground in 1881. Sea life thrives around the wreck -- Moorish idols, butterflies, turquoise parrots and white tip reef sharks.

Like something off Skull Island from "King Kong," Fatu Hiva, the southernmost of the Marquesas Islands, is covered in virgin jungle and waterfalls.Like something off Skull Island from "King Kong," Fatu Hiva, the southernmost of the Marquesas Islands, is covered in virgin jungle and waterfalls.

Dancers offer a traditional welcome to Nuku Hiva, the largest of the Marquesas Islands.Dancers offer a traditional welcome to Nuku Hiva, the largest of the Marquesas Islands.

A trip to Pitcairn Island gives you a chance to meet Fletcher Christian's kinfolk. The island's roughly 50 people are nearly all related to Christian and other mutineers from HMS Bounty.A trip to Pitcairn Island gives you a chance to meet Fletcher Christian's kinfolk. The island's roughly 50 people are nearly all related to Christian and other mutineers from HMS Bounty.

The Bristle-thighed curlew, here spotted on Henderson Island, was first scientifically recorded by James Cook on a visit to Tahiti.The Bristle-thighed curlew, here spotted on Henderson Island, was first scientifically recorded by James Cook on a visit to Tahiti.

Moai are the giant volcanic stone statues on Easter Island and are one of the world's great archeological mysteries. No one knows what their original purpose was. Moai are the giant volcanic stone statues on Easter Island and are one of the world's great archeological mysteries. No one knows what their original purpose was.









  • Three-week journey from Easter Island to Tahiti stops at remote French Polynesian islands

  • Henderson Island's claim to fame is the real-life "Moby-Dick"

  • The only way to land on Pitcairn is to surf 12-foot waves into the tiny, jetty-enclosed harbor




(CNN) -- Navigating a narrow channel through the reef, our Zodiacs slide onto a crushed coral beach and we scramble onto Mature-vavao, an uninhabited atoll at the eastern edge of French Polynesia.


It's a gorgeous little island, shaded by thousands of coconut palms and encircled by bands of water that run a dozen different shades of blue.


Expedition leader Jack Grove thinks this might be the first time a cruise ship has ever visited the island and there's a good chance nobody has set foot on the atoll in 30 years.


The landing party turns left along the shore.


But I blaze my own path straight ahead to the lagoon that dominates the middle of the island.


Boobies, terns and other seabirds pay me scant attention.


Most have probably never seen a person.


Wading into the lagoon to cool off and spy on the tropical fish, I'm overcome by the sense I'm one of the few people who has ever set foot on this small patch of planet Earth.


It's as close as I'll ever come to the emotion that Neil Armstrong must have felt when he first set foot on the moon, or the rush that mariners like Magellan and Cook no doubt got when they came across terra incognita.


MORE: 5 must-play golf courses in the Canadian Rockies


Discovering the remote




Remote Easter Island is home to the mysterious Moai statues. Where did they come from?

Remote Easter Island is home to the mysterious Moai statues. Where did they come from?



But that's what this cruise is all about.


A three-week journey between Easter Island and Tahiti, it calls on some of the world's most remote and least-visited islands.


Organized by Seattle-based Zegrahm Expeditions, the voyage includes gourmet cuisine, top-notch lecturers and a bartender who can make even the most obscure cocktails.


But the real reason that 60-odd passengers have paid five figures for this cruise is geographical bragging rights -- a chance to boast to friends and colleagues back home that you've hobnobbed with Fletcher Christian's kinfolk on Pitcairn, explored ancient Polynesian cave dwellings on Henderson Island and frolicked with manta rays off Hiva Oa before visiting Paul Gauguin's grave on the same secluded island.


You know a cruise is something special when your fellow passengers include renowned marine archeologist Jim Delgado and best-selling author and shipwreck detective Clive Cussler.


Even for men like these, with all the adventures already under their belts, the voyage is unique.


We're three days out from Easter Island before land is spotted again -- uninhabited Ducie Island, a small atoll in what really is the middle of nowhere.


Tumbling into the water, I explore the reef with Jack Grove, one of Zegrahm's founders and a veteran marine biologist.


Grove wants to show us something he found 25 years ago -- three rusty anchors -- all that remains of the mail ship "Acadia," which ran aground on Ducie in 1881.


An incredible array of sea life floats around the wreck -- Moorish idols, butterflies, turquoise parrots and white tip reef sharks that warily watch us from afar.


MORE: Napa Valley's once-in-a-lifetime wine tasting experience




Acadia\'s rusty anchors became shelter to marine life off Ducie Island.

Acadia's rusty anchors became shelter to marine life off Ducie Island.



Island stops


The following day we land on Henderson Island, an uplifted coral block that resembles a huge white table that's emerged from the ocean.


Other than odd geology, the island's claim to fame is the real-life "Moby-Dick."


When the American whaler "Essex" was rammed and sunk by a sperm whale in 1820, this is where the survivors took refuge. (No, their captain wasn't named Ahab.)


But those shipwrecked whalers weren't the first residents.


I follow expedition anthropologist Campbell up a cliff face and into a cave where there's evidence of long-ago human occupation -- a fire pit and stone scraping tool.


"We don't know for sure," says Campbell, "because nobody was around to record their history, but we think a small Polynesian colony existed here more than 500 years ago."


Pitcairn is the first populated island we come across in nearly a week.


And it's just barely inhabited -- roughly 50 people, nearly all of them related to Fletcher Christian and other "Bounty" mutineers.


It's a strange little corner of the British Empire, with a long and sometimes dark history.


The only way to land on Pitcairn is literally surfing 12-foot waves into the tiny, jetty-enclosed harbor.


From there it's an uphill climb to Adamstown, the only settlement, where the residents greet us with a fish-and-chips lunch, cold beer and open-air craft stalls hawking Pitcairn flags, postage stamps, organic honey and "Bounty" replicas -- one of the islanders' only means of making foreign exchange.


One of those I meet at lunch is seventh generation Pitcairn resident Andrew Christian, who invites me to hop on the back of his ATV for a spin around the steep volcanic isle.


Covered in tattoos and body piercings, he seems every bit as roguish as his mutinous ancestor.


Like most everyone on the island, Christian is a jack of several trades: DJ and photographer, government warehouse supervisor and cemetery caretaker, black pearl jewelry artist and website creator.


His mountaintop home looks out over the vast Pacific, both an inspiring view and a constant reminder of how isolated Pitcairn remains even in the 21st century.


MORE: Paradise with a conscience: Nihiwatu on Sumba island




A far better greeting team than giant apes.

A far better greeting team than giant apes.



Spear throwing and octopi


From Pitcairn we sail north towards the Marquesas Islands, calling on several isolated atolls along the eastern edge of French Polynesia.


The residents of Puka Rua entertain us with a spear-throwing contest and a demonstration of barehanded octopus fishing.


In the tiny Catholic church on Puka Puka -- the first island that Magellan spotted on his trans-Pacific passage -- local Jim Galindo spontaneously bursts into a Latin hymn he remembers from his choir boy days.


The fabled Marquesas finally come into view near the end of our second week at sea. Like something out of "King Kong," towering volcanic pillars and jungle-shrouded cliffs mark the entrance to the Bay of Virgins on Fatu Hiva island.


Rising behind the shore are cloud-shrouded heights that look as if they just might harbor giant apes or some other mystical creature.


But the most menacing thing we encounter hiking into the Fatu Hiva highlands is a pond full of spotted, foot-long eels.


Grove tries to catch one with his bare hands, but they're far too slippery.


Further up the trail we come across the remains of three old marae -- shrines made from dark volcanic stones and now almost hidden by the jungle.


This spot was somehow sacred to the ancient Polynesians who built these temples.


Perhaps they thought their gods lived up here or maybe it was the splendid isolation.


We explore even higher, bushwhacking our way with machetes to the base of a colossal cliff laced with veil-thin waterfalls.


Nearby is a natural rock pool that offers liquid relief from the sweaty uphill climb.


Nobody, not even Grove, has been here before or even knew it existed.


Lying on my back in the water, staring up at the misty volcanic peaks, I find myself wondering yet again how many human beings have ever been here.


Zegrahm Expeditions offers its Easter Island-Tahiti cruise once per year, with rates from $11,970 per person.


Joe Yogerst is a freelance travel, business and entertainment writer based in California.



Is it ISIS, ISIL or the Islamic State?





  • ISIS is translation of the acronym in Arabic for the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham

  • U.S. officials, the U.N., some media use ISIL: Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant

  • Jihadist group prefers "the Islamic State" or just "the State"




(CNN) -- Is it ISIL, ISIS or Islamic State?


Whatever you call the jihadist group known for killing dozens of people at a time, carrying out public executions, beheadings, crucifixions and other brutal acts, there is no denying they have captured the world's attention.


On the eve of President Barack Obama's speech outlining Washington's strategy against the group, in which he will likely refer to it as ISIL, we ask: What's in a name?


It all started in 2004 when the late Abu Musab al-Zarqawi formed an al Qaeda splinter group in Iraq. Within two years, al-Zarqawi's al Qaeda in Iraq was trying to fuel a sectarian war against the majority Shiite community.


In June 2006, al-Zarqawi was killed in a U.S. strike. Abu Ayyub al-Masri, his successor, several months later announced the creation of the Islamic State in Iraq (ISI).


In April 2013, Islamic State in Iraq absorbed the al Qaeda-backed militant group in Syria, Jabhat al-Nusra, also known as the al-Nusra Front. Its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi said his group will now be known as Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. Since then, the English-speaking world seems to have had a hard time settling on a name for them.


ISIL


President Obama, the United Nations and some news organizations refer to the jihadist group by the acronym ISIL, which stands for Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant.


CNN Global Affairs Correspondent Elise Labott said the U.S. has stuck with ISIL because the group appears to have to set it sights beyond Iraq and Syria. And also because Washington doesn't want to recognize their plans for a caliphate.


CNN national security analyst Peter Bergen believes ISIL is a more accurate translation of the group's name.


The 'L' stands for Levant which is a translation of "al-Sham" -- the word the group uses to refer to itself, Bergen said.


"But the Levant is a relatively obscure word in English -- in English, we refer to Syria. Of course, the Levant is larger than Syria," Bergen said.


"We believe this is the most accurate translation of the group's name and reflects its aspirations to rule over a broad swath of the Middle East," said John Daniszewski, vice president and senior managing editor for international news for The Associated Press, according to an AP blog post.


Al-Sham is a reference to a region that stretches from Turkey through Syria to Egypt and includes the Palestinian territories, Jordan and Lebanon, according to Rashid Khalidi, a Columbia University professor and expert on Syrian history.


Part of the confusion stems from the fact that al-Sham has many meanings in Arabic.


Khalidi said: "How you translate 'al-Sham' determines whether you have an 'L' or an 'S' in English. It's the same word in Arabic. How you translate the term into English determines if you're of the 'ISIL' camp or the 'ISIS' camp. The Levant, which can extend from northern Egypt to Greece, is not as precise."


On the United States government's use of ISIL, Khalidi surmised: "Maybe because you don't want to give the dignity of the name that they give themselves."


Nawaf Obaid, a visiting fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University, said via email that ISIL is preferable in English "to make it clear to a Western audience."


Levant denotes Syria and Lebanon in Arabic, "so better to stick to ISIL and clarify that it's the same as ISIS, but a more accurate translation from the Arabic," he said.


ISIS


ISIS is an English translation of the acronym in Arabic for Al-Dawla Al-Islamiya fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham, or the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham.


The organization has said its goal is to form an Islamic state, or caliphate, over the entire region, stretching from Turkey through Syria to Egypt and including the Palestinian territories, Jordan and Lebanon.


Some think ISIS flows better as a word in English. It also happens to be the name of one of a goddess of ancient Egypt.


CNN has been referring to the organization as ISIS, shorthand for the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.


Arabic speakers say al-Sham can be translated to mean the Levant, Syria, greater Syria, and even Damascus.


Islamic State


The jihadists like to refer to themselves simply as the Islamic State, a term more accurately reflecting the organization's aspirations of creating a caliphate across national borders.


They prefer to be known either as the Islamic State -- al-Dawla al-Islamiya in Arabic -- or just the State, al-Dawla. That is what they call themselves in online videos.


DAIISH


Finally, a lesser-known acronym to Western readers: DAIISH. It is the straight Arabic shorthand for the group known as: al-Dawla al-Islamiya fi Iraq wa al-Sham, commonly used in the Arab world and among many Arab media outlets and politicians.


When people in the Arab world, use the term DAIISH, it's derogatory, according to Columbia's Khalidi.


"Those who disagree with them, call them DAIISH," Khalidi said, adding that the jihadists have objected to the name.



How did Briton turn suicide bomber?





  • British-born Abdul Waheed Majeed carried out a suicide bomb attack on Aleppo prison

  • His mother misses him and his elder brother says "his intentions were bona fide"

  • The soon-to-be bomber had sent his family pictures of him hard at work in tent camps

  • According to his brother, Majeed never made a farewell phone call to his family




London (CNN) -- Abdul Waheed Majeed first hit the headlines in 1982. A faded clipping from his hometown newspaper in Crawley, just outside London, carried a photo of the then 10-year-old clutching his pet cat "Billy." The full-page report, titled "Cat On A Hot Roof" told how young Majeed raced into the burning wreckage of his mother's corner store and rescued his furry friend.


Three decades later -- in February -- Majeed's story hit the media again. The headline this time: "Video of British suicide bomber released."


The reports came just after al Qaeda-linked jihadis in Syria posted an online video showing a suicide attack on the notorious Aleppo prison. President Bashar al-Assad's brutal regime was reportedly torturing hundreds of prisoners there. The recording showed Majeed, who made his living in Britain driving a highway maintenance truck, crashing into the prison gates at the wheel of a Mad Max-style dump truck. Thick steel plates had been welded to the cab of the vehicle for protection against enemy gunfire.









Abdul Waheed Majeed's parents moved to England from Pakistan almost 60 years ago. He had an older brother and sister.Abdul Waheed Majeed's parents moved to England from Pakistan almost 60 years ago. He had an older brother and sister.



In this family photo, Abdul Waheed Majeed is in the middle of the children, his brother Hafeez to the right.In this family photo, Abdul Waheed Majeed is in the middle of the children, his brother Hafeez to the right.



Abdul Waheed Majeed, left, pictured with his brother Hafeez, who after his death said: "Our family didn't have time to grieve. As soon as we took a breath the police were knocking on our door to carry out searches under the Prevention of Terrorism Act."Abdul Waheed Majeed, left, pictured with his brother Hafeez, who after his death said: "Our family didn't have time to grieve. As soon as we took a breath the police were knocking on our door to carry out searches under the Prevention of Terrorism Act."



The brothers pictured with female relatives: Abdul Waheed Majeed is kneeling, Hafeez is on the far left.The brothers pictured with female relatives: Abdul Waheed Majeed is kneeling, Hafeez is on the far left.



Abdul Waheed Majeed volunteered as a driver on an aid convoy operated by a group of British-based Muslim charities from late July 2013.Abdul Waheed Majeed volunteered as a driver on an aid convoy operated by a group of British-based Muslim charities from late July 2013.



Once in northern Syria, not far from the Turkish border, Majeed volunteered to stay on, helping civilians in refugee camps.Once in northern Syria, not far from the Turkish border, Majeed volunteered to stay on, helping civilians in refugee camps.



As a truck driver, Majeed's driving skills were in high demand amid the refugee camps of northern Syria.As a truck driver, Majeed's driving skills were in high demand amid the refugee camps of northern Syria.



Majeed sent his family many pictures, showing him hard at work in tent camps in northern Syria near the border with Turkey.Majeed sent his family many pictures, showing him hard at work in tent camps in northern Syria near the border with Turkey.



In one photo, Majeed wears Minnie Mouse ears in an apparent attempt to brighten the lives of the children in the refugee camps of northern Syria.In one photo, Majeed wears Minnie Mouse ears in an apparent attempt to brighten the lives of the children in the refugee camps of northern Syria.



Majeed's family last heard from him in January when, according to his brother Hafeez, he said that he loved them all very much. He never phoned them again.Majeed's family last heard from him in January when, according to his brother Hafeez, he said that he loved them all very much. He never phoned them again.




How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria

How Briton became suicide bomber in Syria



How Briton became suicide bomber in SyriaHow Briton became suicide bomber in Syria






UK PM: Passports are not automatic right




Fighting extremism on London's streets




Britain raises terror threat level

"I miss my son so much. He was a good boy," his mother Maqbool Majeed whispered to me during our conversation at her home in Crawley, about an hour's drive from central London. She said she came with her husband from Pakistan to Britain almost 60 years ago. Her two sons and a daughter were born and raised in England. Photos from the family album show the Majeed children had what appeared to be a fairly normal British childhood. When Majeed reached adulthood he married and is survived by his wife and three teenage children.


Majeed's elder brother Hafeez has rarely spoken publicly since the suicide bombing. But he made clear that's not out of shame. "We feel no shame whatsoever," he said. "Whatever [my brother Abdul] Waheed did, his intentions were bona fide and true to the heart. His whole purpose was to save people in that prison who had been tortured and raped."


In the video depicting his final moments, Majeed appears calm as camouflage-clad Chechen jihadis wrap their arms around his shoulders. Syrian rebel sources say that unit had recently defected from ISIS to the al Qaeda-affiliated al Nusra Front. His childhood friend Raheed Mahmood, who traveled to Syria with him, said Majeed appeared composed.


"He was obviously at peace," Mahmood told me. "The idea wasn't troubling him in any way. I can only put that down to faith and the idea he knew where he was going."


An electrician and plumber by trade, Mahmood returned to Crawley about a month before Majeed blew himself to smithereens in that attack at the start of February. Mahmood and Majeed volunteered as drivers on an aid convoy operated by a group of British-based Muslim charities in late July 2013. A handful of Muslim NGOs are currently being investigated by UK authorities on suspicion they may have been funnelling British fighters to extremist groups in Syria or may have violated fund-raising rules by donating cash to radical groups.


"There was lot of talk of convoys going down there and taking aid, "Mahmood said. "Abdul Waheed just raised the issue and asked me how I felt, so I turned round and said let's do it." Once in northern Syria, not far from the Turkish border, the pair volunteered to stay on, helping civilians in refugee camps. Majeed's truck driving skills were in high demand. He also knew how to operate diggers and helped build new camps and lay drainage pipes.


Mahmood described the myriad Syrian rebel groups as a "people's resistance force" and said most people in the refugee camps had relatives fighting against the Assad regime. They frequently saw gun-trucks and heavily armed rebels driving through. They regularly saw fighters from all the factions, including ISIS and al Nusra, in the camps, sometimes bringing supplies to stranded civilians.





ISIS bride: 'I want to become a martyr'




ISIS defector speaks exclusively to CNN




Who are the Americans fighting for ISIS?

"ISIS would come and help as would the other groups," he said. "You'd hear about people swapping from group to group unsure of whom to fight with. Young people would be promoting their group. It didn't really seem to matter too much whom you were fighting for."


But Mahmood said he had no idea his friend Majeed had been recruited. The soon-to-be bomber had sent his family plenty of pictures showing him hard at work in tent camps. Many of the snaps showed him surrounded by children. In one, he was even wearing flashing "Minnie Mouse" ears in an apparent effort to brighten up daily life for youngsters around him.


According to his brother, Majeed never made a farewell phone call to his family. The last time he phoned in January, his family assumed it was just a routine weekly catch-up. "In retrospect I should perhaps have paid more attention to that phone conversation," his brother Hafeez told me. "He said he loved us all very much. He said I know you're looking after the family and if I've done any wrongs I hope you can forgive me."


He never phoned again.


Behind him in the small family garden, filled with summer flowers, his mother shed silent tears. "I don't know what happened. I just don't know. Only God knows," she said. Neither family nor friends say they had any inkling Majeed was planning to blow himself up. There were contradictory reports about how successful the attack was. Some accounts suggested more than 300 prisoners had been freed. Other reports claimed Majeed detonated the truck short of its intended target.


His brother, though, describes the infamous Assad-regime prison as a "legitimate military target."


"If he had been a British soldier and carried out that brave act of heroism, he would have been awarded the posthumous Victoria Cross," he said, referring to the British military's highest honor for valor.





"If he had been a British soldier and carried out that brave act of heroism, he would have been awarded the posthumous Victoria Cross"

Hafeez, Majeed's elder brother




Unsurprisingly, the British government did not agree. UK intelligence services estimate that more than 500 British nationals may be fighting with ISIS or other jihadi groups in Syria or Iraq. And British Prime Minister David Cameron has announced new measures to crack down on Islamic extremism and block Britons returning from conflict zones in the Middle East.


"Our family didn't have time to grieve. As soon as we took a breath the police were knocking on our door to carry out searches under the Prevention of Terrorism Act," Hafeez Majeed said. Since his death, police and media investigations have revealed Majeed's alleged links to radical Islamists in Britain.


In an interview with a London newspaper, Syrian-born imam Omar Bakri Mohammad claimed Majeed had been his driver on an unspecified number of visits to Crawley between 1996 and 2004. The UK government excluded Bakri from Britain in 2005, accusing him of being a hate preacher. The same newspaper report alleged Majeed had been friends with two Muslim men -- also from Crawley -- convicted in 2007 of plotting to bomb a London nightclub. Hafeez Majeed explained his brother had chauffeured Bakri on a "few" occasions but did not share his radical interpretation of Islam. "He wasn't as, press speculation says, a jihadist, a man born to fight. He had no instances of violence at all in the UK. He was not a threat to the British public," Hafeez Majeed said.


Majeed does not fit the profile, being promoted by the government, of a Muslim misfit living a deprived existence, easy prey for radical Islamist preachers or online recruiters. His brother says it was perhaps the sight of civilians suffering in the war in Syria or horror stories of the Assad regime's action that may have pushed Majeed to become a suicide bomber.


But he's sure that, if he had realized in time, he would have tried to halt his brother's mission. "If I had known I would have told him please don't do it," Hafeez Majeed said. "Please, please, please. You're much better off being alive so you can help all those people."


READ: Opinion: Muslims: We're not all extremists


READ: Exclusive: From Scottish girl to ISIS bride


READ: Inside the mind of an ISIS fighter