Friday 4 April 2014

NCAA Final Four: Crunch time





  • Florida plays Connecticut, Kentucky faces Wisconsin

  • Final Four games will be played Saturday night

  • The winners battle in the championship game Monday




(CNN) -- The Final Four of college basketball can be a harsh proving ground for players. The pressure is immense.


When CNN's Rachel Nichols asked Kentucky coach John Calipari how his freshman-laden team would respond during its game Saturday night, the coach quipped: "They're gonna go out in front of 75,000 and probably pee down their leg to start the game."


Not likely.


The Kentucky freshmen have played well in the NCAA tournament and will battle Wisconsin starting about 8:50 p.m. ET Saturday. The other Final Four game features Florida vs. Connecticut. at 6:09 p.m. ET Saturday.


The winners face off Monday night for the NCAA championship. All the games are played in Arlington, Texas.


The Final Four can make or break a coach's career, too.


Wisconsin coach Bo Ryan has never coached in a Final Four, though he's come close several times. Connecticut coach Kevin OIlie has a chance to create his own legend; he took over the storied program in 2012 when Jim Calhoun retired.


These semifinals help answer one of the constant questions of the college game: Who will go pro? A strong performance on the big stage can boost an underclassman's value in the NBA draft.


One player decided a while back not to turn pro. Senior Shabazz Napier of Connecticut stuck around because his mother made him promise to earn his college degree.


"She always taught me basketball is second to school," Napier told Nichols. "And I always believed it."


This year people are also asking if a coach, Billy Donovan of Florida, will jump to the NBA.


When Nichols asked Donovan about that, he didn't rule it out, saying, "There is an intrigue in terms of the fact that in the NBA, I'm a basketball coach. I love basketball. I was a gym-rat player, I love being around the game, I like it all the time. Sometimes in college, you don't get a chance to do that, you know?"



15 new emotions identified


Scientists have identified 15 new emotions such as


Scientists have identified 15 new emotions such as "sadly surprised."






  • Scientists have identified 15 "compound emotions"

  • The emotions are expressed by combining the basic human emotions

  • This could impact future research on psychiatric disorders




(CNN) -- Until recently, scientists had only identified six basic human emotions: happy, sad, fearful, angry, surprised and disgusted.


These "emotion categories," as cognitive scientists like to call them, are defined by the facial muscles we use to express each emotion.


"The problem with that is that we cannot fully understand our cognitive system ... if we do not study the full rainbow of expressions that our brain can produce," says Aleix Martinez, an associate professor at Ohio State University.


In a new study published this week in the journal PNAS, Martinez and his colleagues have identified 15 additional "compound emotions." These are expressed by combining the basic emotions, much like using the primary colors blue and red to create purple.





Bet you can't watch this without smiling




Happiness debate: Parents vs. child-free




Oprah: I'm really happy by myself

These compound emotions are all distinguishable from one another, the researchers say. For instance, "happily surprised" is very different from "fearfully surprised" or "happily disgusted."


Scientists aren't sure how much of our facial expression behavior is learned, and how much is innate. But they believe a large part must be biological because all humans use the same muscles to express a specific emotion. For example, when people express "happy" they raise their cheeks, part their lips and pull the corners of their mouth out.


As the two areas of study move forward, Martinez says, we will be better able to understand what happens in our brains when we feel an emotion.


Feeling glum, happy, aroused? New technology can detect your mood


Think of the brain like a computer program we're trying to decode. In the past, when scientists tried to analyze the brain's emotional algorithms using only six known emotions, they hit a wall. With 21 emotions, they may have better luck figuring out how it works.


The newly identified emotions could impact future research on psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or PTSD, the study authors say, as well as research on developmental disorders like autism. It could also be used to create better human-computer interaction systems.


In Japan, for instance, engineers are trying to create a robot that can interact naturally with humans, Martinez says. Japan's rapidly aging population is lacking young caretakers, and this robot could be a companion to the elderly.


"In order to do that, you need to have a system that can recognize the expressions of the user," Martinez says.


Identifying new emotions could also help people who suffer from face blindness -- a cognitive disorder that prevents someone from distinguishing between different faces or facial expressions.


When Martinez and his colleagues started their experiment, he didn't expect for all 21 compound emotions to be true emotion categories.


"I was happily surprised," he jokes.


Why happiness is healthy



Exhibit opens: The artist known as 'W'






A self-portrait of former President George W. Bush, left, and a portrait Bush painted of his father, former President George H.W. Bush, is on display Friday, April 4, at the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum in Dallas.A self-portrait of former President George W. Bush, left, and a portrait Bush painted of his father, former President George H.W. Bush, is on display Friday, April 4, at the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum in Dallas.

A portrait of Russian President Vladimir Putin, painted by George W. Bush, is displayed between photographs as part of the library's exhibit "The Art of Leadership: A President's Personal Diplomacy." The exhibit includes more than two dozen never-before-seen portraits by Bush.A portrait of Russian President Vladimir Putin, painted by George W. Bush, is displayed between photographs as part of the library's exhibit "The Art of Leadership: A President's Personal Diplomacy." The exhibit includes more than two dozen never-before-seen portraits by Bush.

Bush's portrait of the Dalai Lama is seen at the exhibit.Bush's portrait of the Dalai Lama is seen at the exhibit.

A portrait of former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert is also part of the exhibit. Bush, who started painting lessons after he left the White House in 2009, said he hopes the leaders <a href='http://ift.tt/1dS38II'>he chose to depict</a> will take it in the right spirit.A portrait of former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert is also part of the exhibit. Bush, who started painting lessons after he left the White House in 2009, said he hopes the leaders he chose to depict will take it in the right spirit.

The exhibit opens to the public Saturday, April 5, and runs through June 3. The exhibit opens to the public Saturday, April 5, and runs through June 3.









  • George W. Bush's paintings will go on public display Saturday at his presidential library

  • The never-before-seen paintings are of 30 world leaders; Bush worked from photographs

  • Bush has enjoyed a boost in popularity since he left office aided by charitable works, painting

  • Bump in the polls comes against a backdrop of criticism over his administration's torture tactics




Dallas (CNN) -- On canvas, Vladimir Putin appears stern, Tony Blair looks relaxed and Junichiro Koizumi smiles broadly.


Through paint and brushstroke, former President George W. Bush says he has found not only a rewarding hobby but a unique way to express himself and his impressions of 30 presidents, prime ministers and other world leaders during his time in office.


These never-before-seen portraits, which were done by looking at photographs, will go on public display Saturday at his presidential library in Dallas.


The exhibit is titled "The Art of Leadership: A President's Personal Diplomacy." It will also include photographs and artifacts of his interactions with these leaders.


"I think they're going to be (like), 'Wow, George Bush is a painter,"' Bush told NBC's "Today" show in an interview on Friday. "I'm sure when they heard I was painting, (they said), 'Wow, I look forward to seeing a stick figure he painted of me.'"





George 'W' shows his artistic side




Critic: I want to hate Bush's art but ...




Inside Politics: Bush's Putin painting

One work he is most proud of is that of his father, former President George H.W. Bush.


"I painted a gentle soul," he said.


The Bush Presidential Center is using these paintings to help broaden the image of Bush and is hoping to show "what it takes to be a personal diplomat," said Margaret Spellings, president of the center, emphasizing one-on-one relationships with his fellow heads of state were very important to him.


Most of the world leaders portrayed have not seen the art yet.


George W. Bush to unveil paintings


The rebirth of cool


For newer generations the artwork, and the buzz around them, will show a new side of Bush.


The 43rd President has enjoyed a resurgence of popularity, a bump aided partly by his work trying to save the lives of Africans who have AIDS and efforts to help veterans, including helping them to find jobs.


Forty-nine percent viewed him favorably while 46% saw him unfavorably according to a poll last June from Gallup.







When Bush left office in 2009, only 40% of Americans held a favorable opinion of him, a number which sunk to 35% in March of that year before beginning a slow climb out from under water.


He's also earned nods from such publications as BuzzFeed and Vanity Fair that noted his counterculture hipness in painting outside of the art establishment and taking selfies.


Though the former President has opened a new chapter of his life with painting, there were reminders of the controversies surrounding his presidency. Just this week, the Senate Intelligence Committee voted to seek declassification of its report on the secret prisons and interrogation techniques used by his administration on terror suspects after the September 11, 2001, attacks.


Bush also has refused to publicly discuss politics.


In a video accompanying the exhibit, he said of the Dalai Lama: "I painted him as sweetly as I could."





Clinton pokes fun at Bush's paintings




More hacked George W. Bush paintings

For Blair, the former British Prime Minister and one of the leaders he spent the most time with, Bush said he painted "with a lot of affection" and was trying to convey "a passionate person and a reliable person."


After reading an essay about Winston Churchill's art hobby, Bush took up painting two years ago.


"I gave it a whirl," he said in the video.


He hopes the paintings help convey his feelings and friendships to these leaders. He told NBC this will help "make sure the last chapters of my life are full."


Opinion: Bush paints, but is he any good?


"I want to get better"


Bush said he still has a lot to learn with this hobby.


"I am not a great artist," he told his daughter Jenna Bush Hager, who is a "Today" show correspondent, in the NBC interview. "I paint a lot. I want to get better."


He has his share of critics.


New York Magazine Art critic Jerry Salz said of some of Bush's previous artwork "no natural gifts—except the desire to do this."


Bush's family said he is very disciplined and dedicated to his work and will often spend hours in his new studio with music playing. Family and friends said he is very excited about his work.


"He talks enthusiastically about it," Spellings said. Bush "utterly loves it."


Bush uses various photos to see facial expressions, clothing and other attributes that he then uses to craft his paintings.


He started off doing some smaller things like animals. Then an art professor at a local university suggested he try doing world leaders because he was good at capturing details.


He was initially reluctant to share his work publicly.


However, his paintings first came to light after a hacker last year obtained private Bush family emails, which included photos of some of his work.


Some of the other paintings featured dogs. But other paintings were self-portraits of him in the shower and the bathtub while he was looking in a mirror.


"It's an invasion of one's privacy. And yeah, I was annoyed," Bush told NBC. "And nor do I want my paintings to get out. And I found it very interesting the first painting that came out was the one I painted of myself in the bathtub. I did so because I wanted to kind of shock my instructor."


Bush on painting: 'I see colors differently'



Is your lipstick kiss poisonous?







  • Sharima Rasanayagam: Studies found higher level of lead in some lipsticks

  • Rasanayagam: This raises concerns about the safety of a popular product

  • She says FDA and cosmetic industry should pay attention to long-term effects

  • Rasanayagam: Congress needs to update the laws regulating cosmetics




Editor's note: Sharima Rasanayagam is the director of science for the Breast Cancer Fund, an organization that aims to transform how society thinks about and uses chemicals and radiation, with the goal of preventing cancer. The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of the author.


(CNN) -- Every day millions of women apply lipstick without a second thought. What many don't know is that lipsticks may contain lead, the notorious metal that can cause learning, language and behavioral problems. Lead is a neurotoxin and can be dangerous even at small doses.


So what's lead doing in lipsticks?


Not all lipsticks contain lead, but a number of studies in recent years show that the metal is more prevalent than previously thought.



Sharima Rasanayagam


In 2007, the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics conducted a study -- "A Poison Kiss" -- that detected lead in 61% of the 33 lipsticks tested, with levels ranging from 0.03 ppm to 0.65 ppm. Parts per million (ppm) is the measurement of lead in the environment.


Medical experts say there is no safe level of lead in the blood. The FDA says it doesn't consider the lead levels it found in lipsticks to be a safety issue.


No lipstick lists lead as an ingredient. The amounts are small, but the presence of lead in lipstick, which is ingested and absorbed through the skin, raises concerns about the safety of a cosmetic product that is wildly popular among women.


Urged on by both consumers and the cosmetics industry, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducted its own testing in 2010. The FDA's results were even more astonishing: The agency detected lead in all 400 lipsticks tested, ranging from 0.9 to 3.06 ppm -- four times higher than the levels observed in the study done by Campaign for Safe Cosmetics.


And lead isn't the only toxic metal you may be applying to your lips. In a recent study, University of California researchers tested eight lipsticks and 24 lip glosses and detected nine toxic heavy metals, including chromium, cadmium, manganese, aluminum and lead.


The FDA said, "We have assessed the potential for harm to consumers from use of lipstick containing lead at the levels found in both rounds of testing. Lipstick, as a product intended for topical use with limited absorption, is ingested only in very small quantities. We do not consider the lead levels we found in the lipsticks to be a safety concern."


Likewise, the cosmetics industry also doesn't see this as an issue, saying that the dose makes the poison -- in other words, the trace amounts of heavy metals in lipsticks are not harmful.


But the FDA noted, "Although we do not believe that the lead content found in our recent lipstick analyses poses a safety concern, we are evaluating whether there may be a need to recommend an upper limit for lead in lipstick in order to further protect the health and welfare of consumers. "


Indeed, what the FDA and the cosmetics industry have been ignoring is cumulative exposure and potential long-term adverse effects.


It's true that a single lipstick application will not lead to harm. And the good news is that not all lipsticks contain detectable levels of lead or other heavy metals. (And by the way, cost doesn't seem to be a factor; a cheap or expensive lipstick isn't the determinant of how much lead is present.)


The problem is when women who wear lipstick apply it two to 14 times a day, according to the University of California study. The result is that they are ingesting and absorbing through their lips as much as 87 milligrams of product a day, the study says.


Women are not only applying their lipsticks several times a day, but they also are doing this in the span of a whole lifetime, which means that exposure to lead and other heavy metals adds up and can potentially affect their health.


One challenge for people wanting to avoid exposure is that none of the metals, with the exception of aluminum, are deliberately added to lipsticks and lip glosses. The metals are contaminants that are present in the pigments and base materials used to make the products. Because the metals are not ingredients, cosmetics companies are not required to list them on products' ingredient labels.


The law regulating cosmetics passed Congress in 1938 and has never been updated. The FDA possesses no legal authority to make sure products are safe before they are sold. Nor is the agency empowered to pull dangerous products from store shelves. It's the Wild West for cosmetics companies, which have very few rules restricting chemical ingredients used in everything from shampoos to lotions to lipsticks.


As the contamination of lip products with heavy metals makes it clear, allowing the industry to police itself is not the best idea.


We need the FDA to be empowered by Congress and to take action so women won't face any health risks when they put on makeup. Cosmetics companies should be required to adhere to a standard for best manufacturing processes to limit metal contamination.


For now, consumers should take precautions to protect themselves from heavy metal exposure from lip products. First, use less. If you find yourself reapplying lipstick 14 times a day, consider cutting back. Second, don't let children use lipstick, as their young bodies are especially vulnerable to toxic metals. Then let's get to work to make sure that by the time they've grown up, we have solved the problem of toxic chemicals in cosmetics.


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How Mozilla botched CEO's ouster


Mozilla CEO Brendan Eich resigned after an uproar over his 2008 donation to California's Proposition 8 campaign.


Mozilla CEO Brendan Eich resigned after an uproar over his 2008 donation to California's Proposition 8 campaign.






  • LZ: Mozilla CEO resigned after firestorm over 2008 donation to anti-same-sex marriage Prop 8

  • He says this is less a free speech issue than a poor move in the first place by Mozilla board

  • Far more in U.S., particularly millennials (Mozilla's consumers) are pro-gay marriage than in 2008

  • LZ: Mozilla should have planned how it would handle the inevitable backlash over Eich




Editor's note: LZ Granderson is a CNN contributor, a senior writer for ESPN and lecturer at Northwestern University. Commentary by the former Hechinger Institute fellow has been recognized by the Online News Association, the National Association of Black Journalists and the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association. Follow him on Twitter @locs_n_laughs. The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of the author.


(CNN) -- We've all done things in our past we might prefer the general public not talk about, but only the lucky few get to be the targets of whole industries dedicated to digging those things up.


Targets like celebrities.


Politicians.


And apparently CEOs, that is if the abrupt resignation of Mozilla's new chief Brendan Eich is any indication.



LZ Granderson


For many, the story of Eich -- who stepped down this week amid criticism of his contribution to a 2008 initiative to ban same-sex marriage-- is one of freedom of speech trampled by the intolerant.


I don't see it that way.


Don't get me wrong; to paraphrase Voltaire, I disagree with Eich's views on marriage equality but will defend to the death his First Amendment right to express them. But as I've written in the past, the First Amendment doesn't protect him, Mozilla, or anyone else from others' using their First Amendment right to signal their disapproval.


To me, Eich's case is about the power of information, and how -- with technology, 24-hour news and social media- -everyone's past is just a hashtag away from being the present.


Sometimes this is a good thing for the public, like the digging up of David Duke's KKK past as he attempted to climb the political ladder. Sometimes the information is significant, but used mainly to score points against a political opponent, as in the GOP's escalation of the Bill Clinton-Monica Lewinsky saga. But more often than not it's about gossip to sell magazines or get clicks on a website.


NeNe Leakes, one of the stars of "The Real Housewives of Atlanta," for example, is currently trying to explain why a 20-year-old mug shot of her is on the cover of Star Magazine. The Robertson family members, of Duck Dynasty fame, were exposed as frauds after photos of the clan looking less like down-home folks and more like a J.Crew ad began circulating on the Internet. The more notable a person is the riskier the strategy of distancing him or herself from the past in hopes that it just goes away. Did Mozilla even think about this?





New tool shows who's tracking you online




Mozilla unveil plans for cheap smartphones

To Eich's credit, he has stuck with his position on same-sex marriage despite a torrent of complaint from inside and outside his company. That the company didn't anticipate the backlash is the real head-scratcher.


Six years ago, when Eich donated to an anti-marriage equality initiative, less than 40% of Americans favored marriage for same-sex couples. Today 54% do, including nearly 70% of people ages 18-29. That latter number is particularly important to Mozilla because 1) no group goes online more than millennials, 2) no group supports marriage equality more than millennials, and 3) millennials are a significant portion of current and future employees. The Eich fallout is less about the First Amendment and more about a business not understanding its business.


The country's present attitude regarding same-sex marriage is not top secret. And neither is Eich's past. Mozilla should've had a better strategy than "let's hope nobody notices."


Yet the fact that the board caved to the pressure, instead of standing behind its choice, suggested it was completely blindsided by the uproar. This is mind-boggling considering that the controversies surrounding Chick-fil-A and Paula Deen did not happen in an alternate universe. By all accounts Eich, who helped develop some of the Web's most important technologies, was qualified for the job and Mozilla would likely be hurt by his resignation.


But Mozilla is an activist organization more than a money-making corporation. The Apples and Googles of the world can lure top young talent with money and perks. Mozilla's recruiting success depends on its ability to sell its mission. Thus the effectiveness of the CEO rests heavily on his or her ability to foster a community, not just make a buck.


And generally speaking, discrimination is a community buzzkill.


Still, the company's leadership, not Eich, is to blame for this PR nightmare, They're the ones who thought what happened in 2008 stays in 2008.


Follow us on Twitter @CNNOpinion.


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Fort Hood shooter reportedly asked for a leave form





  • Texas Gov. Rick Perry to visit shooting victims Friday

  • Gunman Ivan Lopez killed three people, wounded 16 others at the Army post

  • Commanding general: We believe psychiatric issues were a "causal factor"

  • U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel: "Obviously something went wrong"




Killeen, Texas (CNN) -- As the community reels from a shooting rampage at Fort Hood, investigators are grappling for answers on why Spc. Ivan Lopez opened fire against fellow soldiers.


Investigators are looking at a possible altercation with a fellow soldier "that immediately preceded the shooting," said Lt. Gen. Mark Milley, the post's commanding general.


They are still piecing together the answer, but seem to be honing in on at least one thing that they say might have made the 34-year-old pull the trigger.


"We have very strong evidence that he had a medical history that indicates an unstable psychiatric or psychological condition. (We're) going through all records to ensure that is, in fact, correct. But we believe that to be the fundamental underlying causal factor," Milley said Thursday.





Fort Hood shooter underwent treatment




4 dead, 16 wounded in Fort Hood shooting




Lt. General: Don't know shooter's motive




Fort Hood confirms active shooter on base

Investigators say they haven't found any links to terrorism so far.


"At this point we have not yet ruled out anything whatsoever," Milley said. "We are committed to letting the investigation run its course."


The shooting blindsided victims, said Dr. Matthew Davis, medical director of trauma services at Scott and White Memorial Hospital.


"It was a shocking episode. It felt very surreal," he said after speaking to victims. "It was a very unexpected thing in the middle of a working day."


Governor's visit


Some patients may see Texas Gov. Rick Perry reaching out to shake their hands when he visits them Friday afternoon.


Military officials will brief Perry, who will speak to journalists afterward.


The condition of three victims, who were previously listed as critical, has been upgraded to serious, Dr. Stephen Sibbitt said.


Four have been discharged from the hospital, and two are in good condition, he said.


The rampage


The shooting started when Lopez walked into an administration building at the base and opened fire with his .45 caliber semiautomatic pistol. It was about 4 p.m. Wednesday.


He then got into a car, fired from the vehicle, got out of the car, walked into another nearby administration building and fired again.


One of the locations was the medical brigade, the other the transportation battalion. Lopez was assigned to the 13th Sustainment Command, which deals with logistics. In his work, he had regular dealings with the transportation brigade.


But authorities have "no indication at this time" that Lopez was targeting specific soldiers when he opened fire on the Army post, Milley said.


The base to more than 45,000 soldiers and nearly 9,000 civilian employees, went on lockdown after the shooting began.









Luci Hamlin and her husband, Spc. Timothy Hamlin, wait to get back to their home at Fort Hood after a shooting at the Texas Army post on Wednesday, April 2. Multiple people were killed and others injured when a shooter opened fire, a senior military official and law enforcement official told CNN. The officials said the suspected shooter was among the dead.Luci Hamlin and her husband, Spc. Timothy Hamlin, wait to get back to their home at Fort Hood after a shooting at the Texas Army post on Wednesday, April 2. Multiple people were killed and others injured when a shooter opened fire, a senior military official and law enforcement official told CNN. The officials said the suspected shooter was among the dead.



A police officer checks drivers' IDs outside the main gate at Fort Hood.A police officer checks drivers' IDs outside the main gate at Fort Hood.



Krystina Cassidy and Dianna Simpson, waiting outside the Bernie Beck Gate at Fort Hood, try to contact their husbands, who are stationed at the post.Krystina Cassidy and Dianna Simpson, waiting outside the Bernie Beck Gate at Fort Hood, try to contact their husbands, who are stationed at the post.



A Bell County Sheriff's Department official stands near a vehicle as cars are checked at the Bernie Beck Gate.A Bell County Sheriff's Department official stands near a vehicle as cars are checked at the Bernie Beck Gate.



An ambulance makes its way to Fort Hood.An ambulance makes its way to Fort Hood.



Military personnel and civilians wait outside Fort Hood for updates on the situation.Military personnel and civilians wait outside Fort Hood for updates on the situation.



Vehicles wait at a closed entrance to Fort Hood.Vehicles wait at a closed entrance to Fort Hood.



A military police officer stops a car.A military police officer stops a car.



Traffic near the main gate of Fort Hood.Traffic near the main gate of Fort Hood.



Lt. Savanah Hess, a nurse, waits in her car to enter the locked-down post.Lt. Savanah Hess, a nurse, waits in her car to enter the locked-down post.



Military police direct traffic outside Fort Hood.Military police direct traffic outside Fort Hood.




Fort Hood shootingFort Hood shooting






US officials: Fort Hood shooter is dead




Obama: We will get to the bottom of this

A short time later, a military police officer came face to face with Lopez. Both he and she drew their weapons, Milley said.


Lopez put the gun to his head and pulled the trigger, ending his life.


At the Lopez apartment, the shooter's wife was watching news reports about the spree, worrying about her husband, from whom she had not heard all afternoon, said neighbor Xanderia Morris, who tried to console her.


But Lopez's wife had no idea that he was the shooter, until a local TV station identified the dead gunman. His widow became "hysterical" when she heard the news, Morris said.


Officers picked up Lopez's widow at their apartment near the base in Killeen, and she was cooperating with law enforcement, an FBI official told CNN.


Depression, anxiety


Lopez hailed from Puerto Rico, where he served in the National Guard from 1999 until 2010 before moving to the U.S. Army.


He had two deployments as an infantryman, including a four-month stint in Iraq in 2011 as a truck driver, Milley said.


Before coming to Fort Hood in February, Lopez served at Fort Bliss in Texas.


He, his wife and their daughter moved into an apartment a little more than a week before the shooting.


They appeared to be a normal couple, Morris said. "They would smile whenever they'd see someone," she said.


But behind Lopez's smile lay a history of depression, anxiety and other psychiatric disorders, Milley told reporters. The soldier was receiving treatment and taking antidepressants, Milley said.


Army records don't show him as having been wounded in Iraq, but Lopez himself reported that he had suffered a traumatic brain injury, Milley said.


The shooter "had a clean record" behaviorally, Army Secretary John McHugh said. And he gave no sign during a psychiatric exam last month that he was likely to become violent.


Lopez had also been prescribed the sedative Ambien, McHugh said.


The casualties


All those killed in the shooting were military personnel, Milley said.


Sgt. Timothy Owens was one them, his family said in a statement.


"He was a very outgoing person and enjoyed Taekwondo," the statement said. "He loved his job in the Army and was going to make it a career."


One or two wounded victims may face long-term disabilities, but doctors are working to prevent this, Dr. Matthew Davis said.


Not again


When he first heard about the shooting, Davis says one thought ran through his mind: "How can this possibly happen again?"


Less than five years ago, the hospital where Davis works treated casualties after Army Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan killed 13 people and wounded 32 more in a November 2009 shooting at Fort Hood.


Hasan was convicted of 13 counts of murder and 32 counts of attempted murder, and a military jury recommended last August that he be put to death.


The former military psychiatrist told a court that he was on a terrorist mission to protect leading members of the Taliban.


READ: Fort Hood shooting: Psychiatric issues 'fundamental underlying causal factor'


CNN's Joshua Rubin reported from Killeen, Texas; Ben Brumfield and Catherine E. Shoichet reported and wrote from Atlanta. CNN's Tom Watkins contributed to this report.